Question $1$:Discuss the theoretical framework and principles behind the design and implementation of load$-$bearing structures in civil engineering. What are the fundamental considerations for ensuring stability and safety in the construction of bridges, skyscrapers, and other large$-$scale infrastructures? Include in your discussion the role of material properties, load distribution, and the impact of dynamic forces such as wind and seismic activity. How do civil engineers use mathematical models and simulations to predict the behavior of these structures under various load conditions? Additionally, explain the importance of redundancy and safety factors in the design process, and how these concepts contribute to the overall durability and reliability of civil engineering projects.