Question $1$: For each, explain your reasoning briefly but clearly. No points for answers without reasoning. $5$ points each $(30$ total$).$

a$)$List one advantage of packet switching over circuit switching.

b$)$Give one example of what ICMP can be used for.

c$)$ Why are ethernet switches beneficial?

d$)$ A source host sends an IPv$4$ packet of $1420$ bytes out, but the destination host

received $3$ IP packets, each of less than or equal to $572$ bytes. Explain briefly what happened.

e$)$ In packet switching networks, header bits are added to data bits to help with forwarding packets. Since header is $$overhead$($no useful data information$),$ we could

just send all data bits in one packet. What is one disadvantage this would bring?

f$)$ In Ethernet MAC protocol, are collisions considered $$expected events$($i$.$e$.$ part of $$normal behavior$)$ or $$errors$($i$.$e$.$ should not have happened$)?$