Question 1: Is longhand note-taking more effective for learning than taking notes on a laptop? Researchers at two universities studied this issue. In one of the studies, 65 students listened to five talks. Students were randomly assigned either a laptop or a notebook for purposes of taking notes. Assume that 33 students were assigned to use laptops and 32 longhand. Whether taking notes on a laptop or by hand in a notebook, students were instructed to use their normal note-taking strategy. Thirty minutes after the lectures, participants were tested with conceptual application questions based on the lectures. Those taking notes by hand performed better than those taking notes on a laptop. Why is instructing students to use their normal note-taking strategy a problem if the goal is to determine the effect on learning of note-taking on a laptop as compared to note-taking by hand?

Question 2: Outline the design of Question 1 for the experiment to compare the two treatments (laptop note-taking and longhand note-taking) that students received for taking notes. When you outline the design of an experiment, be sure to indicate the size of the treatment groups and the response variable. The diagrams in Figures 5.2 and 5.3 are models. If you have access to statistical software, use it to carry out the randomization required by your design. Otherwise, use Table A, beginning at line 119, to do the randomization your design requires.

please answer both questions with detailed solutions.