Question $1$: Open Channels $-$ Hydraullc Jump

$($a$)$ Give one example of a structure at which a hydraulic jump is typically formed. What engineering purpose does this phenomenon serve in this example? Provide a sketch showing the example assumed.

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$($b$)$ For the example that you have given above, label the water surface profile between the vena contracta of the flow and the point just before the jump.

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$($c$)$ The figure below $($Figure $1\mathrm{.}1)$ shows flow in an open rectangular channel. Assume that the bed is horizontal and that the energy loss due to boundary friction is negligible. Given the following flow characteristics:

Specific volumetric flow rate, $q=1\mathrm{.}2\frac{m^3}{s\frac{ec}{m}}$

$Y_1=0\mathrm{.}4m$

Calculate:

i$.V_1$

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ii$.,Y_2$

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iii. $V_2$

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iv$.$ Yc

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Show how these parameters are calculated $\{$you can use the Information Sheet in the solution of $($ii$)\}.$

$($c$)$ If the volumetric discharge is increased, will the jump migrate upstream or downstream? Provide some reasons for your answer.

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