Question $20(4$ points$)$

Kristen, a production manager at KartWheel Designs Inc., believes that the formation of labor unions may have a negative impact on the performance of a company's stock. Which of the following statements is likely to strengthen Kristen's belief?

Studies reveal that unions do not have any positive effects on performance measures, such as productivity, profits, and stock performance.

Unionized organizations are often required to pay their workers higher wages and offer them more generous benefits.

Unions tend to have a positive impact on the self$-$esteem of their members.

The formation of labor unions is likely to lead to conflicts between social and labor union goals.

Workers in unionized organizations tend to exhibit lower levels of productivity than workers in nonunion organizations.