Question $2$

$2.1$ The soil volumes on a road construction project are as follows:

Loose volume $=362m^3$

Compacted volume $=255m^3$

Bank volume $=290m^3$

$($a$)$ Define the term "swell" for earthworks volume calculations and provide an example of a situation in which swell could occur.

$(2)$

$($b$)$ Calculate the following factors $($to two decimal places$)$:

Bulking factor

Shrinkage factor

Compaction factor

$(2)$

$(2)$

$(2)$