Question $2(55$ points$)$: This question has THREE parts. Answer all

parts. Show calculations and provide logical explanations wherever

required.

a$)$ Which statement of the $2^("$nd $")$ Law of Thermodynamics is applicable to the

following:

i$)$ Although all work can be converted completely to heat, heat

cannot be completely and continuously converted into work.

ii$)$ Heat flows spontaneously from high to low temperature, but not

conversely.

iii$)$ It is impossible to construct a cyclically operating device for which

the sole effect is the extraction of heat from a single thermal

reservoir and the creation of an equivalent amount of work.

iv$)$ No power cycle can have a thermal efficiency of $100\%.$

b$)$ Two thermodynamic cycles are shown in the figure below, each

operating between the same hot and cold reservoir. Some steady state

data is also shown. Direction of energy flows as shown are all positive.

If it is known that independently each cycle follows the First Law of

Thermodynamics, then check whether the combined system $($shown by

the GREEN boundary$)$ is operating in accordance with the First and the

Second Laws of Thermodynamics. Validation of the Second Law is to be

achieved through the validation of the Clausius and$/$or the Kelvin$-$Planck

statements.

c$)$ If in addition to the data provided in part $($b$),$ the temperatures of the hot

and the cold reservoirs are given as $485^($@$)$C and $180^($@$)$C$,$ respectively,

then find whether it is possible to independently operate the Cycle $1.$ If

yes, then is it a reversible cycle or an irreversible cycle? Second Laws of Thermodynamics. Validation of the Second Law is to be achieved through the validation of the Clausius and$/$or the Kelvin$-$Planck statements.

c$)$ If in addition to the data provided in part $($b$),$ the temperatures of the hot and the cold reservoirs are given as $\backslash (485^\{\backslash$circ$\}\backslash$mathrm$\{$C$\}\backslash )$ and $\backslash (180^\{\backslash$circ$\}\backslash$mathrm$\{$C$\}\backslash ),$ respectively, then find whether it is possible to independently operate the Cycle $1.$ If yes, then is it a reversible cycle or an irreversible cycle?