QUESTION $2$

a$)$ Define the following terms with regards to leveling in surveying.

Benchmark

Height of instrument

$[1$ mark$]$

Datum

$[1$ mark$]$

Back sight

$[1$ mark$]$

$[1$ mark$]$

$19$

b$)$ State four types of leveling methods.

$[4$ marks$]$

c$)$ Reduce the Leveling Field book shown in Table Q$2$ and obtain the final Reduced Levels using the Rise and fall method. Apply arithmetic checks.

$[12$ marks$]$

Table Q$2$: Leveling Field book

$\backslash$table$[[$Back sight,Itermediate sight,Fore sight,Remarks$],[2\mathrm{.}554,,,$Datum RL $+50$ m$],[,1\mathrm{.}786,,$Peg A$],[,0\mathrm{.}927,,$Peg B$],[,1\mathrm{.}983,,$Peg C$],[1\mathrm{.}305,,3\mathrm{.}589,$Peg D$/$ change point $1],[,1\mathrm{.}422,,$Peg E$],[3\mathrm{.}250,,0\mathrm{.}571,$Peg F$/$change point $2],[,1\mathrm{.}925,,$Peg G$],[3\mathrm{.}015,,0\mathrm{.}462,$Peg H$/$change point $3],[,,0\mathrm{.}780,$J$],[,,,]]$

$10,124.$

$5,402,7,601$

$2,779.$