Question $2$

A measuring tank sits on a scale to collect water from a pipe flow experiment. The scale reading changes continuously as the water flows into the tank. A stopwatch is started when the scale reads $15kg.$ The stopwatch gives a reading of $1$ minute $15$ seconds when the scale reading reaches $35kg.$

a$)$ Estimate the discharge of the pipe flow.

b$)$ Describe the characteristics of laminar, transitional and turbulent flnine I lon sketches as appropriate.

c$)$ The pipe runs horizontally and the water enters into the container via a $90$ elbow of $32mm$ opening $($Figure $2).$ Determine reaction forces on the elbow.

d$)$ After the flow is fully stopped the scale reads $40kg.$ A solid piece of alloy has a dry mass of $5kg.$ While being held by hand via a string the metal is fully submerged in the water, resulting in a scale reading of $43kg.$ Estimate the density of the alloy.

$!2$mm