Question $2$Explore the theoretical principles behind geotechnical engineering, focusing on soil mechanics and the behavior of soil under different loading conditions. Discuss the fundamental concepts of soil classification, compaction, consolidation, and shear strength. Examine the importance of understanding soil properties in the design and construction of foundations, retaining walls, and other earth structures. Analyze the critical role of laboratory and field testing in determining soil parameters and the challenges associated with the variability and anisotropy of soil materials. Evaluate the theoretical models used to predict soil behavior and their limitations$,$ considering factors such as nonlinearity, time$-$dependent behavior, and the influence of environmental conditions. Furthermore, assess the implications of geotechnical uncertainties on the safety and reliability of civil engineering projects and the strategies employed to mitigate these risks.