QUESTION $2$

The SCTMS needs seamless integration with current urban systems, robust security for data protection, and adaptability for future upgrades. With these requirements in mind, address the following.

$2\mathrm{.}1$ Explain how inheritance can be used to build modules for different vehicle types $($e$.$g$.,$ public transport, private vehicles, emergency services$)$ to streamline data exchange within SCTMS$.$

$2\mathrm{.}2$ Discuss the role of polymorphism in handling varied response actions when different vehicles $($emergency vs$.$ regular$)$ approach an intersection.

$2\mathrm{.}3$ Describe a strategy for implementing data encapsulation to ensure secure communication between SCTMS components while restricting unauthorized access.

$2\mathrm{.}4$ Explain how scalability can be achieved through modular design, allowing the system to accommodate additional sensors$,$ intersections, and user data in the future.