QUESTION 3 (10 Marks) Answer the following multiple choice questions 1. Which of the following studies is a causal study? The researcher tries to find out: A. What percentage of the population thinks commercials are annoying compared to 10 years ago. B. Why unemployment in Europe is higher than in Asia. C. If smoking is related to cancer. D. None of the above answers is correct. What is the type of scale of the variable 'age' if it is measured in the following way? \"What is your age? =years. \" A. Nominal B. Ratio C. Interval. D. Ordinal. . The goal of a study, hence, is to offer to the researcher a prole of the phenomena of interest from an individual, organizational, industry-oriented, or other perspective. A. Exploratory. B. Descriptive. C. Causal. D. Experimental. A researcher who investigates the relationship between the loyalty program of a specific supermarket and the loyalty towards this supermarket, collects his data by questioning consumers who leave the specic supermarket on several daily periods. The sampling method used by this researcher is called: A. Convenience sampling. B. Simple random sampling. C. Stratified sampling. D. Quota sampling. . The type of probability and non-probability sampling designs that is chosen depends on: A. The extent of generalizability desired. B. The existence or otherwise of a sampling frame C. The purpose of the study. D. All of the above. Which is the most correct statement? The required sample size, n, is a function of: A. The variability in the population, precision or accuracy needed, and confidence level desired. B. Precision or accuracy needed, confidence level desired, and type of sampling plan used. C. The variability in the population, precision or accuracy needed, confidence level desired, and type of sampling plan used. D. The variability in the population, precision or accuracy needed, and type of sampling plan used. Page 4 of5 7. 10. What is n_ot an advantage of observation as a research method? A. The obtained data are generally reliable and free of respondent bias. B. It is relatively easy to note the effects of environmental inuences on specific outcomes. C. It is easy to observe certain groups or individuals from whom it may be otherwise difficult to obtain information. D. It is a cheap and fast way to collect information. The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of a multinational corporation wants to know the profits made during the past 5 years by each of the subsidiaries in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda. There are many regional ofces of these subsidiaries in each of these countries. The profits of the various regional centres for each country have to be aggregated and the profits for each country for the past 5 years provided to the CFO. The 'unit of analysis\" in this case is: A. the country. B. the regional centre C. the head of each subsidiary D. each of the 5 years A bank wants to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between interest rate and the inducements it offers to clients to save and deposit money in the bank. What is the appropriate study setting? A. A field study. B. A lab experiment. C. A field experiment. D. None of the above. Which of the following sampling designs is a form of non-probability sampling? A. Systematic sampling. B. Quota sampling. C. Area sampling. D. Cluster sampling. Page 5 of5