Question $3[25$ marks$]$

$3\mathrm{.}1$ You are the network administrator for a large corporate office with hundreds of employees spread across multiple floors of an office building. The office utilises a wired Ethernet network infrastructure to connect all computers, printers, and other network devices. On a particular day, a new employee joins the company and needs to set up their workstation on the same floor as your office. However, upon attempting to connect the new computer to the network, the employee encounters an error message stating, $"$IP Address Conflict." Despite configuring the IP address correctly, the computer cannot communicate with other devices on the network. As the network administrator, you need to resolve this issue promptly to ensure seamless connectivity and optimal performance for all network users.

Name the protocol you need to implement on the network that will solve the problem the new employee encountered. Give a brief explanation of the protocol and explain how it works when implemented on the network. $[15$ marks$]$

$3\mathrm{.}2$ Consider the concept of a contention$-$based Media Access Control $($MAC$)$ system in Ethernet. Explain the Ethernet protocol that governs contention and media access in a network, providing insights into collision detection and resolution. $[10$ marks$]$