Question $3-25$ marks

Latches, Adders$/$Subtractors$,$ and Registers

Scenario

In a modern Industrial embedded system for an automatlc assembly Ine, a control unit is designed to manage the operatlons of varlous machines, such as robotic arms, conveyor belts. and sensors$.$ The control unlt uses reglsters to store configuratlon data, performs arithmetic operations for real$-$time decision$-$making, and uses latghes to store state Informatlon to execute sequentlal tasks. To handle complex operations llke the positioning of robotle arms and controlling the speed of motors, the system needs to perform fast addition and subtraction operations as part of Its feedback loop.

The system uses a IG blt reglster to store the robotic arm's pasitton. The system's control logic needs to perform both addition $($for increasing positton values$)$ and subtraction $($for decreasing position values$)$ as part of a feedback mechanlsm. A latch stores Intermediate values while the system performs these operatlons, ensuring the correct state is retained for sequential execution.

In the context of this industrial embedded system, answer the following questions:

a$)$ In the context of thls industrial embedded system, answer the following Latches questlons:

I. Explain the role of a latch in this control system.

$[2$ marks$]$

II$.$ How do the same latches help malntain the correct state during sequential execution?

$[3$ marks$]$

III. Discuss the difference between a latch and a fip$-$flop regarding behavious and application.

$[2$ marka$]$

b$)$ The control system needs to add and subtract $16-$bit values quickly.

I. Discuss how a $16-$bit binary adder and subtractor circuit can be implemented using full adders.

$[3$ marks$]$

il$.$ How would you design this application's efficient $16-$bit adder$-$subtractor circui?

$[3$ marks!

iii. What would be the impact on speed and power consumption?

$[2$ marks$]$

Question $3$b continues on the next page.

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