Question: Consider the North American digital hierarchy in the following figure: 6.312 Mbps 4 DS-1 DS-0 DS-1 24 44.736 Mbps 7 DS-2 T. M DS-2

Consider the North American digital hierarchy in the following figure: 6.312 Mbps

Consider the North American digital hierarchy in the following figure: 6.312 Mbps 4 DS-1 DS-0 DS-1 24 44.736 Mbps 7 DS-2 T. M DS-2 M 274.176 Mbps 6 DS-3 T. DS-3 64 kbps 1.544 Mbps 24 DS-0 DS-4 M Considering the data rate of each voice channel (DS-0) and the number of channels in the multiplexed lines, calculate the following for each of DS-1, DS-2, DS-3 and DS-4 frames: a) Frame length (in bits) (10 marks) b) Number of synchronization/control bits per frame (10 marks) c) Overhead as percentage of data rate (10 marks)

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