Question $3$: ArrayList Manipulation

The following is an ArrayList containing book titles. Please answer the questions based on the code:

ArrayList books $=$ new ArrayList$()$;

books.add$("$Introduction to Algorithms"$)$;

books.add$("$Clean Code"$)$;

books.add$(1,$ "Design Patterns"$)$;

books.add$("$Artificial Intelligence"$)$;

books.remove$(2)$;

Questions:

$1.$ After the above code is executed, what are the elements in the books list? Please write the final list content and explain why.

$2.$ Explain how the ArrayList handles the shifting of elements when using the add and remove methods in the code.

$3.$ Please describe the main differences between arrays and ArrayLists in Java. Provide examples to illustrate when it is more appropriate to use arrays and when it is more appropriate to use ArrayLists.