Question $3$: Mining Layout and excavation design

$3\mathrm{.}1.$ Illustrate with the aid of diagrams and brief discussion, the rules of thumb for the spacing between the following excavations:

$3\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}1.$ Vertical and horizontal spacing between square tunnels.

$3\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}2.$ Vertical and horizontal spacing between circular tunnels

$3\mathrm{.}2.$ Described the principles of designing mining layouts for addressing challenges faced in the design of mine layouts around faults and dykes.

$3\mathrm{.}3.$ Evaluate the design of stoping layout shown in the image below. Indicate all aspects that you regard as deficient with supporting reasons. Design the correct layout based on the principles of designing mining layouts around faults and dykes.

$[25]$