Question: 4 Please read the below scenario and answer the questions that follow: Ahmad Javed is working in one of the organizations as the Program Director for a 100 Million USD donor funded program in Afghanistan. The program is for 5 years and is implemented in 34 provinces of the country. The program aims to increase the resilience of the people in remote villages. It has three components: livelihood, services and natural resource management. The program employs more than 200 staff and is structured to be implemented directly by the respective government ministry and as well as to be sub-contracted to local NGOs. After two years, one of the staffs of the contracting and procurement of the program in the capital city of Kabul blew the whistle and reported to one of the media outlets that Ahmad has founded 2 local NGOs in the name of his close relative and one of his close friends and has given the contract of more than 10 Million USD to these two NGOs. This staff member provided evidence to the media and wanted to remain anonymous for safety and security purposes. The media outlet invited Ahmad for a live interview on TV. When he was asked why he did this, he answered as follow: I awarded these projects to these NGOs in a competitive process. These NGOs are capable and experienced to implement these projects. The final aim of the project is to benefit the most vulnerable people in the far away districts of the country. As long as they meet this goal, there should not be any problem. Also, There are people in the country who put cash money into their personal accounts, steal from the public funds, gets bribe and invests outside the country, they are never caught, why are you coming after me? There is no system of proper audit and rule of law in Afghanistan and I dont know if anyone will have the ability to take me to the court. What I did was to give the project to the most trustworthy people to implement. I do not accept that I have done something wrong. 1. What approaches did Ahmad use to justify his unethical behavior? List at least 4 exact technical concepts and explain why it is that approach. (2 Marks) 2. What three guides do you suggest the leaders should use to avoid unethical behavior and decisions. Use technical terms from the lectures.