Question $4$: Space Complexity $(5$ points$)$

$($a$)$ What is space complexity and why is it important in analyzing algorithms? $(2$ points$)$

$($b$)$ Analyze the space complexity of the following code snippet and explain your reasoning: $(3$ points$)$Part $2$: Practical Questions $(25$ points$)$Question $5$: Algorithm Implementation $(10$ points$)$

Task: Write a Python function to find the second largest element in an unsorted list of integers. Analyze the time complexity of your implementation. $(5$ points$)$

Task: Implement a Python function to reverse a string using a stack data structure. Explain how a stack is used in this case and analyze the time complexity of your implementation. $(5$ points$)$

Question $6$: Data Structure Implementation $(10$ points$)$

Task: Write a Python class that implements a Queue using two stacks. Implement the following methods:

enqueue$()$: Adds an element to the queue.

dequeue$()$: Removes and returns the front element of the queue.

Analyze the time complexity for both enqueue and dequeue operations. $(5$ points$)$

Question $7$: Time Complexity Calculation $(5$ points$)$

Task: For the following Python function, calculate the time complexity:Explain each step in your analysis and justify the final time complexity.