QUESTION 5

A structural characteristic of a complex system is that the system has an _______________, and its behavior does not depend solely on input but also on the state.

QUESTION 8

How simple the management of a system can be depends on all except for the following:

	1.	How complex the system is in itself
	2.	How widespread the environmental factors are
	3.	How fine-grained the goal settings are
	4.	How open the architecture is

QUESTION 9

Other than analysis of complex systems, a theorem applied to general systems; the Law of Requisite Variety (Ashby's Law) states that:

	1.	Only variety can absorb variety
	2.	The system is only as good as its constituted parts
	3.	Top-down flow of information can be applicable to variety
	4.	None of the above

QUESTION 10

Ashby's law gives ample indication which organizational form of the management apparatus deals most economically with complexity.

True

False

QUESTION 12

Lean and agile project practices have lost some ground and acceptance over the past decade. They are methodologies that have promise, but lack a proven track record.

True

False

QUESTION 13

Agile thinking accepts that an application system, designed one or two years ago, no longer matches the actual needs of the organization and as such, the Agile approach:

	1.	Can only be used with enterprises that are well-established in its operations
	2.	Needs an EA that is supportive of Agile methodologies
	3.	Provides continuous modifications
	4.	Must be re-evaluated from time to time and eventually replaced

QUESTION 17

In reference to Lean thinking, production waste is not only a phenomenon in manufacturing, but also occurs in __________________ and _________________.