question : $68$ Operation Management, a foundational theory is the "Theory of Constraints" $($TOC$),$ developed by Eliyahu Goldratt. It posits that every system has a limiting factor $($constraint$)$ that restricts its ability to achieve its goals. TOC advocates identifying and alleviating these constraints to improve overall system performance. Another significant theory is Lean Management, derived from the Toyota Production System. It emphasizes minimizing waste while maximizing efficiency and quality through continuous improvement. Additionally, Total Quality Management $($TQM$)$ focuses on involving all employees in the continuous improvement of processes, products, and services to ensure customer satisfaction. These theories form the basis for effective operations management strategies.