Question $7(1\mathrm{.}71$ points$)$

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Joshua loves all animals and is starting a new grooming business for dogs, but he thinks some local regulations make no sense. For example, there is a local ordinance that all dogs must be kept on a leash at all times when not in a fenced area. Joshua knows that members of the community have had success in changing local regulations by petitioning the city council. He plans to proceed in that manner to attempt a change in the leash law. Joshua's plan to seek change through following what others have done in the past by petitioning city council is rooted in which of the following?

Natural law

The historical school

Legal realism

Legal positivism

Cost$-$benefit analysis