QUESTION $*(89$ What theoretical frameworks serve as the foundational base for civil engineering practices? Discussing the theoretical underpinnings of materials science, structural analysis, fluid mechanics, and geotechnical engineering provides insight into the principles guiding construction, infrastructure development, and environmental sustainability. Understanding how these theories inform design methodologies, construction techniques, and risk assessment protocols is crucial for optimizing the performance and longevity of civil engineering projects. Exploring the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical applications illuminates the interdisciplinary nature of civil engineering and its impact on society.