Question

a$)$ Draw a typical M$-$N interaction diagram for an RC column and indicate the significant points on the diagram.

b$)$ The full area under M$-$N interaction diagram cannot be used due to restrictions set by the RC codes. Draw$/$show the restricted areas$/$regions not usable under interaction diagram.

c$)$ Define the internal actions contributing to the concrete shear strength $($Vcr$)$ of an RC beam member. Use a figure to show the contributing actions.

d$)$ What are the reasons for the use of shear reinforcement?

e$)$ What are the advantages of using compression reinforcement in RC beam members?