Question: C++ Create the code to implement and test the = * *= / /= and == operators

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Rational.cpp

#include #include "Rational.h" using namespace std;

// By using the default parameter settings in Rational.h, this // constructor also provides the default constructor Rational() Rational::Rational(int num, int denom) { setRational(num, denom); // set numerator and denominator, reduce fraction, fix the sign }

// Helper function to fix a zero denominator and fix the sign if denominator is negative Rational Rational::setRational(int n, int d) // helper function { numerator = n; denominator = d;

// if denominator == 0 then set it = 1 if (denominator == 0) denominator = 1;

if (denominator < 0) // if denominator is neg, multiply num and denom by -1 { numerator = -numerator; // fix sign of numerator +/- denominator = -denominator; // denominator always + }

int lcd = LCD(numerator, denominator); if (denominator != 0) { numerator /= lcd; denominator /= lcd; } return *this; // return the current object }

// find the lowest common divisor using a recursive function int Rational::LCD(int v1, int v2) { if (v2 == 0) return v1; else return LCD(v2, v1%v2); }

Rational Rational::add(Rational right) { int newNumerator; int newDenominator;

newNumerator = numerator*right.denominator + right.numerator*denominator; newDenominator = denominator * right.denominator;

// create a new Rational object and return it return Rational(newNumerator, newDenominator); }

// the operator+ method does the same thing as the add method Rational Rational::operator+ (Rational right) { // create local (temporary) variables int newNumerator; int newDenominator;

// compute the result and save in the local variables // the current object's numerator and denominator are not changed newNumerator = numerator*right.denominator + right.numerator*denominator; newDenominator = denominator * right.denominator;

// create a new Rational object with the result and return it return Rational(newNumerator, newDenominator); }

Rational Rational::operator+= (Rational right) { // the current object is updated with the result of the += numerator = numerator*right.denominator + right.numerator*denominator; denominator = denominator * right.denominator;

// fix the sign, reduce the fraction and return the current object return setRational(numerator, denominator); }

// the operator- method does the same thing as the add method Rational Rational::operator- (Rational right) { // create local (temporary) variables int newNumerator; int newDenominator;

// compute the result and save in the local variables // the current object's numerator and denominator are not changed newNumerator = numerator*right.denominator - right.numerator*denominator; newDenominator = denominator * right.denominator;

// create a new Rational object with the result and return it return Rational(newNumerator, newDenominator); }

Rational Rational::operator-= (Rational right) { // the current object is updated with the result of the -= numerator = numerator*right.denominator - right.numerator*denominator; denominator = denominator * right.denominator;

// fix the sign, reduce the fraction and return the current object return setRational(numerator, denominator); }

Rational::operator double() const // convert Rational to double and return { return double(numerator) / double(denominator); }

// Display a Rational number using the display() member method void Rational::display() { cout << numerator << '/' << denominator; }

// Display a Rational number using << and a friend function. // Friend functions are not part of the class and their code must be // declared outside of the class with no :: Scope Resolution Operator. // All function arguments must have their class defined ostream &operator<< (ostream &out, Rational const &r) { out << r.numerator << '/' << r.denominator; return out; // This is to keep the stream flowing }

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RationalTest.cpp

// Rational.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // Create a Rational class defination // Rational(numerator, denominator) // #include "Rational.h" // double quotes = find file in project folder #include // angle brackets = find file in compiler folder using namespace std;

// function prototypes void initializeNumbers(Rational &, Rational &, Rational &); void displayNumbers(const char *, Rational, Rational, Rational);

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { // class object // | | // V V Rational n1; Rational n2; Rational n3;

cout << endl << endl << "**** n2 = n2.add(n3); n2.display(); // n2 should become 17/12" << endl; initializeNumbers(n1, n2, n3); displayNumbers("Before", n1, n2, n3); n2 = n2.add(n3); // n2 + n3 = 3/4 + 2/3 = 9/12 + 8/12 = 17/12 displayNumbers("After ", n1, n2, n3); cout << "n2.display() shows only n2 "; n2.display(); // using the display( ) member function cout << endl;

cout << endl << endl << "**** n1 = n2 + n3; // n1 should become 17/12. Others unchanged" << endl; initializeNumbers(n1, n2, n3); displayNumbers("Before", n1, n2, n3); n1 = n2.operator+(n3); // n2 + n3 = 3/4 + 2/3 = 9/12 + 8/12 = 17/12 displayNumbers("After ", n1, n2, n3);

cout << endl << endl << "**** n1 = n2 += n3; // n1 and n2 should become 17/12. Others unchanged" << endl; initializeNumbers(n1, n2, n3); displayNumbers("Before", n1, n2, n3); n1 = n2 += n3; displayNumbers("After ", n1, n2, n3);

cout << endl << endl << "**** n1 = n2 - n3; // n1 should be 1/12. Others unchanged" << endl; initializeNumbers(n1, n2, n3); displayNumbers("Before", n1, n2, n3); n1 = n2 - n3; // n2 - n3 = 3/4 - 2/3 = 9/12 - 8/12 = 1/12 displayNumbers("After ", n1, n2, n3);

cout << endl << endl << "**** n1 = n2 -= n3; // n1 and n2 should be 1/12. Others unchanged" << endl; initializeNumbers(n1, n2, n3); displayNumbers("Before", n1, n2, n3); n1 = n2 -= n3; displayNumbers("After ", n1, n2, n3);

cout << endl << endl << "**** Rational number to double. 1/12 displays as 0.0833333" << endl; cout << "double(n2) = " << double(n2) << endl; cout << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }

// Initialize each of the variables before testing each rational operator void initializeNumbers(Rational &n1, Rational &n2, Rational &n3) { n1 = Rational(); // 0 no arguments n2 = Rational(3, 4); // 3/4 n3 = Rational(2, 3); // 2/3 }

// Display each of the rational numbers using the friend function << void displayNumbers(const char *msg, Rational n1, Rational n2, Rational n3) { cout << msg << " " << n1 << "\t" << n2 << "\t" << n3 << endl; }

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Rational.h

#ifndef RATIONAL_H // if this compiler macro is not defined #define RATIONAL_H // then define it so this file will not be processed again

#include using namespace std;

class Rational { // Friend functions are actually declared outside the scope of the // class but have the right to access public and private data and // member function members that belong to the class. The friend // function below gives the << operator for ostreams (including cout) // the ability to output a Rational object by accessing its member data. friend ostream &operator<< (ostream &out, Rational const &r);

public: Rational(int num = 0, int denom = 1); // also provides default constructor

Rational add(Rational right); Rational operator+ (Rational right); // + addition operator Rational operator+= (Rational right); // += addition assignment operator Rational operator- (Rational right); // + addition operator Rational operator-= (Rational right); // += addition assignment operator void display(); operator double() const; // convert Rational to double

private: int numerator; int denominator; // helper functions are private and not accessible by the main program int LCD(int v1, int v2); Rational setRational(int n, int d); };

#endif