Question. No$.1$

$[20$ marks$]$

a$)$ Explain with the aid of diagrams, the differences between Stone Columns and Geopiers in terms of application, installation and purpose.

b$)$ Explain the difference between MSE and RSS Slope Stabilization. Discuss and illustrate with diagrams the differences and application of each method

$[3]$

c$)$ Describe with the aid of diagrams the pros and cons of using lightweight fill

$[3]$

d$)$ Given the following;

$[3]$

i$)$ A warehouse development is to be done off Mandela Highway. The buildings are expected to be of Steel portal frame. The geotech report indicated that the upper $20$ m comprised of $5$ m of soft to very soft CH soils overlying very stiff$/$hard CH clays with water table $5$ m below ground surface

ii$)$ In Port Royal a land side structure and foundation is to be designed to support a cantilevered floating bride that extends $150$ m seaward to the cruise ships. The upper $15$ m of soils are loose to compact silty sands overlying dense sands with high water table $(3$ m $).$

iii$)$ The embankment along the Gordon Town Road had a steep side slope wedge failure during heavy rainfall. The river is adjacent to the slip, about $50$ ft below road level and only about $35$ ft away from the edge of the road.

For each case recommend a suitable $($or combination thereof$)$ and economical soil modification technique$/$s that will mitigate the anticipated major engineering considerations

$[11]$

Note please use diagrams to illustrate your answers where necessary