QUESTION ONE $[20]$

Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:

Public services aimed at the welfare of the people so that the public bureaucracy should contribute greatly to the ministry because all state administration cannot be separated from the context of public service and public affairs. Similarly, the public goods and services should be manged efficiently and effectively. So$,$ the consequences of such management are the responsibility of the bureaucracy. In addition, the strategic role of government is to sustain and support the public bureaucracy in carrying out their duties and functions.

The huge challenge faced by the bureaucracy is how they are able to carry out the duties and responsibilities efficiently and effectively because during this time, people always view the bureaucracy as a service process is very complicated, rich of structure and poor of function, a lot of corruption, collusion, and nepotism, as well as poor of basic operational standards. Those problems of bureaucracy have become a very significant obstacle in the framework of the embodiment of bureaucratic reform. Those factors also have turned Indonesian bureaucracy goal from the good governance.

There are different types or reforms of obstruction of bureaucratic reform that is well known and felt by the Indonesian public, among other, the cumbersome of service procedures, inefficient or require a long process, the huge and additional costs, impolite in providing services, the existence of collusion, corruption, and nepotism, and so forth. Those obstacles faced by bureaucratic reform led to the performance of the bureaucracy have not yet to show any significant change. Those facts give an indication that the bureaucratic reforms need to be implemented in the context of changes in accordance with the demands and the development of society. $($Bureaucratic Reform in Public Service: A Case Study on the One Stop$-$Integrated Service :$2017$: Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences$).$

From the perspective of public administration provide a detailed discussion on the concept of

bureaucracy in relation to the demands and the development of the public sector.

QUESTION TWO $[15]$

By referring to the statement below provide a discussion on the fairness of compensation to the private sector resulting from the transfer of private assets into public ownership.

Nationalisation is the act of transferring assets into public ownership. It usually refers to the transfer of private assets but may also mean assets owned by the other levels of government such as municipalities. The opposite of nationalisation is usually privatisation.

A key issue in nationalisation is whether the private owner is properly compensated for the value of the institution. QUESTION THREE $[20]$

The approach to public administration emphasises the values of representation, responsiveness, and accountability to the public. This emphasis often dictates that the public be afforded means for participating in public administration. Public participation of some kind is viewed as contributing to the ability of public administrators to understand and respond to the publics concerns. It also requires that the administrators explain their actions, policies, and so forth, to the public and be seen as a means of more completely incorporating the citizenry into the governing of the administrative state.

With reference to the statement above and in the context of the new public management approach

examine the political arguments that will positively expand public participation to improve civic$-$

mindedness and administration.

QUESTION FOUR $[20]$

From an international perspective elaborate on the general principles of financial management in the public sector relating to the generating of income across national boundaries.

QUESTION FIVE $[25]$

$5\mathrm{.}1$ As a Chief Financial officer $($CFO$)$ of an entity discuss in detail and with relevant examples the officials$$ fiduciary responsibilities in order to ensure compliance with financial regulations. $(15)$

$5\mathrm{.}2$ Governments must ensure that standards are maintained in the public service. With this in mind, discuss the tools and processes that are available to government to regulate against undesirable behaviour and to provide incentives for good governance. $(10)$