QUESTION ONE $[25]$ Read the following excerpts and answer the questions that follow: EXCERPT ONE The high ranking of corporate social responsibility appears to be reflected in theoretical and managerial decisions that argue $$not only is doing good the right thing to do$,$ but it also leads to doing better$.$ As a result, CSR has moved from ideology to reality, and many consider it necessary for organisations to define their roles in society and apply social and ethical standards to their businesses. Although organisations increasingly adhere and demonstrate their commitment to CSR$,$ many struggle with this effort. This state of affairs may be the result of how CSR has developed.; this development reflects the influence of various theories, including agency theory, institutional theory, stewardship theory and the theory of the firm which results in various conceptualisations of CSR$.$ The best conceptualisations remain in their embryonic stages and prescribed approaches to CSR seem perplexing to theorists and completely elude practitioners. This probably impedes a full understanding among managers of what CSR should comprise and hinders further theoretical development of CSR$.$ Conceptualisations of and research on CSR have evolved along two avenues. In terms of the level of analysis, research has moved from a discussion of the macro social effects to an organisational level analysis of CSR and its impact on organisational processes and performance. The research has therefore shifted from explicitly normative and ethicsoriented arguments to implicitly normative and performance$-$oriented managerial studies. Adapted from Lindgreen A and Swaen V $(2010)$ Corporate Social Responsibility International Journal of Management Reviews EXCERPT TWO Since the time of the barter system to present era of plastic money, mankind has stridden out on a long path. There is no doubt in this that $$profitability$$ has always been the primary force and main motivation behind all this development. This motive actually is increased cutthroat competition between the business forms. Because of this competition, the companies stated exploiting the quality of product as well as the environmental concerns. Slowly and gradually the business houses realised that they have to give back to the society because they are surviving because of the society only. This realisation gave birth to the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility. However, the companies started using this concept for brand building more than delivering it as a responsibility. The study also revealed that companies used corporate social responsibility for enhancing their profit. Questions: $1\mathrm{.}1$ Trace the development of CSR as a concept. $(10)1\mathrm{.}2$ The CSR debate raises a number of questions: $$ What is the business of business? $$