QUESTION ONE $[40]$

Read the following article and answer the questions that follow:

Apple Inc.: Navigating Globalisation in the Business Environment

Apple Inc., a tech giant founded in $1976,$ has become synonymous with innovation and disruption in

the global marketplace. With a diverse product portfolio spanning iPhones, iPads, Macs, and

software services, Apple operates in a highly globalised business environment. This article explores

how Apple navigates the challenges and opportunities presented by globalisation in its pursuit of

market leadership and sustained growth.

Apple's global expansion strategy revolves around penetrating new markets while leveraging its

brand reputation and cutting$-$edge technology. The company strategically establishes retail stores,

distribution networks, and manufacturing facilities worldwide to reach diverse customer segments.

By adapting its products and marketing strategies to local preferences and regulations, Apple

ensures relevance and appeal in different regions.

Apple's supply chain management is a cornerstone of its global operations. The company

collaborates with suppliers and manufacturers across multiple countries to source components and

assemble products efficiently. However, managing a complex global supply chain comes with

challenges such as logistics$,$ quality control, and labour practices. Apple implements stringent

standards and audits to uphold ethical and sustainable practices throughout its supply chain.

Cultural sensitivity is paramount for Apple in global markets. The company invests in understanding

cultural nuances, consumer behaviours, and societal norms to tailor its products and marketing

messages effectively. By respecting local customs and values, Apple fosters goodwill and trust

among diverse customer bases worldwide, enhancing brand loyalty and market penetration.

Navigating legal and regulatory landscapes is a critical aspect of Apple's global business

environment. The company faces diverse legal frameworks, intellectual property regulations, and tax

policies across different countries. To mitigate risks and ensure compliance, Apple maintains robust

legal and compliance teams that monitor changes in laws and engage in advocacy efforts to shape

favourable policies.

Ethical considerations are integral to Apple's global business practices. The company upholds

ethical standards in labour practices, environmental sustainability, and data privacy across its

operations. However, Apple has faced scrutiny and criticism regarding labour conditions in its supply

chain, environmental impact, and privacy practices. To address these concerns, Apple implements

corrective measures, transparency initiatives, and stakeholder engagement efforts to uphold ethical

standards and corporate responsibility.

$1$

In $2020,$ Apple faced challenges in its global business environment due to the COVID$-19$ pandemic.

Disruptions in the supply chain, retail closures, and economic uncertainties posed significant hurdles

to Apple's operations. However, the company swiftly adapted its strategies, leveraging digital

platforms for remote work, e$-$commerce for sales, and innovation in healthcare technology to

address pandemic$-$related challenges. By prioritising employee safety, customer satisfaction, and

community support, Apple emerged resilient and even stronger in navigating the complexities of

global business environments.

Apple Inc.$\text{'}$s success in the globalised business environment is attributed to its strategic approach to

globalisation, supply chain management, cultural sensitivity$,$ legal compliance, and ethical

considerations. By embracing diversity, innovation, and corporate responsibility, Apple continues to

thrive as a global leader in technology, demonstrating the significance of effectively navigating

globalisation in the modern business landscape.

Questions:

$1\mathrm{.}1$ Generally speaking, organisations utilise four basic strategies to enter and compete in the

global environment.

Identify the strategy that Apple is employing and justify your choice of strategy. $(5)$

$1\mathrm{.}2$ The article relates to how Apple $$navigates the challenges and opportunities presented

by globalisation.

Explain what globalisation is and discuss the challenges faced by organisations like Apple in

a globalised business environment. $(15)$

$1\mathrm{.}3$Apple$\text{'}$s global expansion strategy revolves around penetrating new markets...$$

With reference to this, discuss the factors that Apple would have considered in choosing the

markets it wishes to undertake business operations in$.(10)$

$1\mathrm{.}4$ Apple is $$synonymous with innovation and disruption in the global marketplace$.$

Assess the factors that have impacted on technological change at Apple