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Quick Self-Quiz: Association, Causation, and Confounding Variables An association is described. In each case, indicate a]. whether the statement implies causation orjust association b}. A possible confounding variable 1. More sales of sunscreen tend to occur when more sunglasses are sold. 2. "Exercise reduoe_s risk of Alzheimers" claims a headline reporting on a study of elderly people that recorded how much each exercised at age 70 and then whether the person got Alzheimer's disease. 3. Increased weight helps students run faster. _