QUESTION THREE $[25]$

In a very simple sense, job design means the ways that decision$-$makers choose to organise work

responsibilities, duties, activities, and tasks. Job Redesign thus involves changing work

responsibilities, duties, activities, and tasks. which is also sometimes called work redesign.

$3\mathrm{.}1$ Explain the five characteristics of the Job Characteristics Model, as developed by Richard

Hackman and Greg Oldham, and how these characteristics contribute to making jobs more

motivating for employees? $(10)$

$3\mathrm{.}2$ Explain how an effective workforce planning processes contribute to achieving cost

reduction, improved customer responsiveness, and enhanced employee outcomes such as

work$-$life balance and retention in an organization? Provide examples or strategies that

illustrate these benefits. $(15)$