Question: Write an Introduction for the literature review provided below.

Employee planning and development

Organisational performance and longevity depend on staff planning and development. Research shows that well$-$designed training programs boost employee skills, flexibility, and performance. Structured development plans help retain talented employees, reduce attrition, and promote continual progress $($Armstrong and Taylor, $2020).$

Structured employee training improves competences, flexibility, and productivity, according to research. These strategies retain highly trained employees, reduce turnover, and foster continual improvement. These programs improve employees' technical skills and problem$-$solving abilities, helping them handle different tasks and adapt to changing work settings. The organisation becomes more effective.

$2\mathrm{.}3$ Small$-$Medium Enterprise Financial Stability and Efficiency

Small firm Dynamic Display worries about its financial future. According to Otoo $(2024),$ poor project management, extended project timeframes, and underestimating project costs cause financial problems in small enterprises. Well$-$organised planning and training programs help alleviate these issues by preparing staff to handle projects efficiently and effectively. A diversified workforce empowers workers to perform different tasks and adapt to different occupations, improving operational efficiency $($Mckinsey & Company, $2020).$ Small businesses that need to efficiently use resources and respond rapidly to market changes benefit from flexibility.

Underestimating costs and poor project management can hurt small businesses' finances. Well$-$organised planning and training programs can help organisations overcome these challenges by giving workers the skills and knowledge to manage projects. Staff's diversified skills allow them to do several roles and adapt to different activities, improving operational efficiency. Successful resource optimisation and market adaptation are essential for success.

Training and development of employees

Training is an organisation's purposeful and structured effort to help people learn job$-$specific knowledge, skills, talents, and attitudes for productive work $($Noe and Hollenbeck, $2019).$ Training changes behaviour methodically using learning strategies. It improves knowledge, abilities, and certifications needed to do activities. A training needs assessment helps companies decide if they require training. Depending on the organization's operations and strategic goals, training needs assessment compares the existing condition of a job or jobs to the desired state $($Lussier and Hendon, $2020).$ Instructor$-$led training, e$-$learning, case study, behaviour modelling, role$-$playing, training games, in$-$basket training, on$-$the$-$job training, and apprenticeship training were identified by Noel and Hollenback $(2019).$

$2\mathrm{.}5.$ Defining Employee performance

Employee performance is the execution of clearly defined tasks in a company. These tasks are assessed using well$-$defined objectives $($Safitri$,$ Lathifah, and Usman, $2019).$ Armstrong $(2020)$ defines employee performance management as a continual process that sets individual and team goals that support the organization's strategic goals. Planning, analysing, and monitoring progress to achieve these goals and developing knowledge, skills, and abilities are all part of this process $($Armstrong$,2020).$ Productivity, efficiency, effectiveness, quality, and profitability are key metrics $($Armstrong$,2020).$ Motivation and skilful use of new technology improved employee performance $($Al$-$Omari et al$.,2020).$ Managers use strict criteria to evaluate employee performance and improve organisational effectiveness $($Buchanan and Badham, $2020).$

$2\mathrm{.}6.$ Training and Employee Performance

Training boosts employee effectiveness, according to Landa $(2018).$ Training is vital for organisational competency and success $($Sasidaran$,2018).$ Afroz $(2018)$ says companies use training and development to boost employee performance. Implementing best practices gives staff current skills, knowledge, and the right organisational mindset. To enable employees to efficiently perform their duties in accordance with the organization's aims and objectives. Employee performance is highly influenced by training. Their talents, skills, competences, and job and responsibility recognition improve $($Kenny and Nnamdi, $2019).$

Certain qualities are linked to training and employee success, according to studies. Luo et al$.(2021)$ explored how interpersonal assisting moderates the relationship between training, supervisory mentoring, work satisfaction, and task performance. Job satisfaction and task performance are significantly affected by training and supervisory mentorship. Interpersonal helping moderates task performance when paired with supervisory mentorship and job happiness.