Questions:

Question $1$

In March $2022,$ the Council $($Council of the European Union$)$ adopted a $($fictitious$)$ Directive about 'workers welfare' $($Directive Number $4321).$

The Directive provides in Article $1,$ that Member States should take the necessary measures, to ensure that all employees are limited to working just four days a week.

The Directive provides in Article $2$ that all employees shall be given access to private medical insurance and private health care.

Member States were given two years in which to implement the Directive. Under Latvian Law adopted in $2019,$ all Latvian nationals, aged $38($and in employment$)$ are automatically given access to medical insurance and private health care.

Inga, a Polish national, works for the Latvian Ministry of Defence as a translator & data analyst. Owing to on$-$going escalations in light of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Inga is told that she must work a $5-$day week to keep up with the security demands. Inga agrees but later discovers that her colleagues who are all Latvian nationals are only working a $4-$day week.

Andrejs, a Latvian national, works for a publishing company called Riga University Press which, receives $27\%$ state funding. Riga University Press receives some funding from wealthy donors and helps the Latvian government when it comes to printing official documents. Andrejs suffers from chronic back pain and is $39$ years old. The leading specialist in back pain treatment works at private hospital in Riga, and Andrejs is told he cannot see the specialist unless he has privat medical insurance. Riga University Press tell Andrejs that owing to budgetary constraints they are no longer able to give younger employees access to medical insurance and private medical care and are prioritising employees who are $50$ and above.

Advise Inga and Andrejys of their rights under EU Law and consider the potential remedies $/$ solutions available under Direct Effect, Indirect Effect and State Liability.