QUSTION $1$

$1\mathrm{.}1.$ Disaster management is continuous and integrated multi$-$sectoral$,$ multi$-$disciplinary process of planning and implementation of measures that are intended at avoiding the risk of disaster; modifying the severity and consequences of disaster; rapid and effective response to disaster; and post$-$disaster recovery.

$1\mathrm{.}2$ According to Occupational Health and Safety $[$OHS$]$ No $85$ of $1993$ the Disaster Management act $[$DMA$]$ no $57$ of $2002$ by asserting that personal protective equipment $[$PPE$]$ which is suitable and is modified for the precise type of work to be done must be worn to reduce harm to workers and should be done through the risk assessment performed on the risk and risky area.

QUESTION $2$

$2\mathrm{.}1.$ According to $($Nel & Rielander, $2024)$ Organizational contractual liabilities shows that legal obligations that ascend because of a contract or agreement made between an organization and another party. Liabilities can include obligations to perform certain tasks and deliver certain goods or services, as well as obligations to pay compensation and any forms of consideration.

In this case the aim of the legislation of South Africa No$108$ of $1996$ is to protect the citizens of the Republic of South Africa. The Occupational Health and Safety Act No $85$ of $1993$ informs the employer or employee non$-$compliance and the disastrous acts and circumstances round the office. In relation to the field of law liability means being responsible or answerable and bound by the law to stick to a given legislation. Legal liability embraces both civil and criminal law that may take place in different places within organisations. The Republic of South Africa is engaged in English law in both criminal and civil procedures, constitutional law, law of evidence and company law along with law of things, law of delict and law of the family. According to $($Manely at al $2017)$ The legislation that was made by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa No$108$ of $1996$ enhances the principals of human rights. This constitution puts forward human rights of the citizens Examine various organisations liabilities. Civil law involves civil and criminal law.

$2\mathrm{.}2.$ INTERGOVENMENTAL COMMITTEES IN DISASTER

According to DMA at al$.[2002].$ Regulation No $8$ embraces National corporate identity for South African volunteers. and this involves the flag of the Republic of South Africa to be incorporated on the suitable clothing and head gear along with the emblem as prescribed in the DMA No$57$ of $2002.$ Regulation no $9$ involves the training of volunteers. Regulation no $10$ involves the fact that training institution and training providers should stick to the requirements of Enabler$2$ of the National Disaster Management Framework. Explore the role of intergovernmental committees in disaster.

$2\mathrm{.}3$ According $($Nel & Rielander, $2024)$ to Regulation $18$ addresses the general principle that the regulations do not prevent a municipality from calling on any person not a member of a unit of volunteer to assist in dealing with a disaster.

The Occupational Health and Safety $($OHS$)$ Act No $85$ of $1993$ and the Disaster Management $($DMA$)$ Act No $57$ of $2002$ are two separate pieces of legislation in South Africa that address different aspects of safety and emergency management. However, there are several ways in which these two Acts relate to each other, including:

Protection of Workers: The OHS Act is primarily concerned with protecting the health and safety of workers in the workplace, while the DMA Act is concerned with protecting the public during disasters. However, the OHS Act recognizes that workers may be exposed to hazards during emergency situations and requires employers to develop emergency procedures to protect their workers.

Coordination and Collaboration: Both Acts emphasize the importance of coordination and collaboration among stakeholders in emergency management. The OHS Act requires employers to consult with workers and their representatives on health and safety issues, while the DMA Act requires municipalities to collaborate with other spheres of government, private organizations, and communities in disaster management.

Both Acts provide for enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with their provisions. The OHS Act establishes the Occupational Health and Safety Inspectorate, which is responsible for monitoring and enforcing compliance with OHS regulations.

QUESTION $3$

$3\mathrm{.}1$ According to $($OHS$)$ Act No $85$ of $1996$ The Chief Executive Officer is obliged to certain duties and is completely answerable for the safety health of the employees$$ contractors or clients of an organization. In section $8$ we find out that the employer is required to ensure that the environment at workplace must be free or safe from all the risks that may affect the employer even during the time of the disaster. Section $13$ states that the employer has the right to inform the employees of other risks that may arise in case of disasters like the leakage of dangerous or