${?}_{{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}\text{r}\text{e}\text{f}\text{e}\text{r}\text{s}to\text{m}\text{a}\text{n}\text{a}\text{g}\text{i}\text{n}\text{g}\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{f}\text{l}\text{o}\text{w}of\text{f}\text{i}\text{n}\text{i}\text{s}\text{h}\text{e}\text{d}\text{g}\text{o}\text{o}\text{d}\text{s}\text{,}\text{m}\text{a}\text{t}\text{e}\text{r}\text{i}\text{a}\text{l}\text{s}\text{,}or\text{c}\text{o}\text{m}\text{p}\text{o}\text{n}\text{e}\text{n}\text{t}\text{s}\text{t}\text{h}\text{a}\text{t}\text{m}\text{a}\text{y}be\text{u}\text{n}\text{u}\text{s}\text{a}\text{b}\text{l}\text{e}or\text{d}\text{i}\text{s}\text{c}\text{a}\text{r}\text{d}\text{e}\text{d}\text{t}\text{h}\text{r}\text{o}\text{u}\text{g}\text{h}\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{s}\text{u}\text{p}\text{p}\text{l}\text{y}\text{c}\text{h}\text{a}\text{i}\text{n}\text{f}\text{r}\text{o}\text{m}\text{c}\text{u}\text{s}\text{t}\text{o}\text{m}\text{e}\text{r}\text{s}\text{t}\text{o}\text{w}\text{a}\text{r}\text{d}\text{e}\text{i}\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{r}\text{s}\text{u}\text{p}\text{p}\text{l}\text{i}\text{e}\text{r}\text{s}\text{,}\text{d}\text{i}\text{s}\text{t}\text{r}\text{i}\text{b}\text{u}\text{t}\text{o}\text{r}\text{s}\text{,}or\text{m}\text{a}\text{n}\text{u}\text{f}\text{a}\text{c}\text{t}\text{u}\text{r}\text{e}\text{r}\text{s}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{p}\text{u}\text{r}\text{p}\text{o}\text{s}\text{e}of\text{r}\text{e}\text{u}\text{s}\text{e}\text{,}\text{r}\text{e}\text{s}\text{a}\text{l}\text{e}\text{,}or\text{d}\text{i}\text{s}\text{p}\text{o}\text{s}\text{a}\text{l}\text{.}}$

${?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_r$efers $to$ managing the flow $of$ finished goods, materials, $or$ components that may $be$ unusable $or$ discarded through the supply chain from customers toward either suppliers, distributors, $or$ manufacturers for the purpose $of$ reuse, resale, $or$ disposal.

Process design

Response management

Reverse $logistics$

Scheduling