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Question:

1. What 2 duties mentioned in the article is the US imposing on some Canadian lumber companies? You will provide details on these duties in the next question.

The U.S. Department of Commerce plans to raise tariffs for Canada's two largestlumber comLumber trade between the US and Canada is covered by panies, while lowering duties on a special agreement between the countries called the most other Canadian producers. Softwood Lumber Agreement which expired in 2015 and Based on the Commerce Dehas not yet been renewed. partment's preliminary assessment, the combined countervailing and anti-dumping duties will rise for West Fraser Timber Co. Ltd. and Canfor Corp., both based in Vancouver. West Fraser, Canada's largest lumber producer, faces having to pay a new duty rate of 9.38 per cent, likely taking effect by Au gust or September, compared with its current tariff of 8.25 per cent. Canfor willsee itstariff climb to 7.29 per cent for Canadian softwood sold in the United States, compared with the current 5.87 per cent. "With these preliminary results, the U.S. Department of Commerce has indicated its intention to maintain its unjustified duties on imports of Canadian softwood lumber. This is a disappointing decision to many on both sides of our shared border," International Trade Minister Mary Ng said in a statement Tuesday. Saint John-based J.D. Irving Ltd., which recently ranked as Canada's fifth-largest lumber producer, has been assessed a higher rate of 7.77 per cent, compared with the current 7.17 per cent. West Fraser, Canfor and Irving have been singled out for higher tariffs. LUMBER, B6 Lumber: Most other producers in Canada will see a decline in their duty rates FROM B1 maximize long-term domestic production and lumber availability produced by U.S. workers But most other producers in Canada will see to build U.S. homes," coalition chairman Antheir duty rates decline to 8.24 per cent from drew Miller said in a statement on Tuesday. the current 8.59 per cent. Canada counters that its producers get no Montreal-based Resolute Forest Products subsidies, and they have not been dumping Ltd. has a current tariff of 14.86 per cent, but it into the U.S. market. will be included in the group of Canadian pro- "Canada has long been an essential supplier ducers with the revised rate of 8.24 per cent. to the U.S. market, and these unjustified duties Paper Excellence Group, a private company continue to act as a tax on American consumcontrolled by Indonesia's wealthy Widjaja ers, increasing building costs at a time of surgfamily, plans to acquire Resolute for US $1.6 ing inflation," Ms. Ng said. billion by mid-2023. The Canadian government is challenging The 2006 Canada-U.S. softwood agreement the lumber tariffs in a process under the U.S.expired in October, 2015, with no replacement. Mexico-Canada Agreement that allows Canada In the latest round of the long-running trade and the U.S. to set up trade panels to settle dispute, Canadian producers have been paying disputes. As well, Canada complained in 2017 U.S. lumber duties since April, 2017. to the World Trade Organization in the trade The latest rates are subject to verification by fight that dates back to the early 1980 . the Commerce Department. The Commerce Department's latest move is Most forests in Canada are on Crown land, based on scrutinizing data from 2021, when with forestry companies paying "stumpage lumber traded for more than US $1,600 for fees" to provincial governments for the right 1,000 board feet in the spring during a period to log. The U.S. Lumber Coalition argues that of volatile price swings. Consumers were inithe U.S. has a better system for soliciting com- tially keen on do-it-yourself projects, but lumpetitive bids for private timber rights, based on ber demand faltered and prices fell in the secmarket forces. ond half of 2021 as COVID-19 pandemic restric- The coalition has repeatedly argued that tions eased. Canada subsidizes lumber production and Two-by-fours made from Western spruce, dumps softwood into the U.S. at below market pine and fir sold last week for US 374 for 1,000 value. board feet, compared with US $670 just six "Continued enforcement of U.S. trade laws months ago, according to Vancouver-based inagainst unfairly traded Canadian lumber will dustry newsletter Madison's Lumber Reporter