Read the article below and answer ALL questions that follow

Knowledge management based on information technology in response to COVID$-19$ crisis

With the emergence and spread of a novel coronavirus disease in $2019($COVID$-19),$ a new public health crisis is

threatening the world. This new virus has caused serious panic and has dominated public attention. In response, healthcare

organizations have been bearing the brunt of the crisis and the workload of medical personnel has increased exponentially.

Consequently, healthcare systems may face collapse without the implementation of active adequate intervention. The

advent of COVID$-19$ is an unprecedented crisis that requires crisis management $($CM$)$ efforts to mitigate the situation. CM

can be viewed as a set of ongoing, systematic, and interrelated processes for identifying, analyzing, treating, and learning

about crises by applying management strategies and practices. While the management strategy implies the importance of

effective decision$-$making, decision$-$makers face relatively high uncertainty and complex contexts when making crisisrelated

decisions, which differs from conventional decision$-$making contexts. Therefore, it is crucial to help managers make

timely and suitable decisions in response to the crisis using different means.

Knowledge is the most valuable resource an organization possesses. In times of crisis, where rapid responses are required,

it is vital to conduct appropriate knowledge$-$management $($KM$)$ activities to enable or facilitate effective managerial efforts.

KM can support managers in making effective use of key resources and develop strategies for ensuring the prosperity and

survival of organizations by mitigating damage that may be caused by the crisis. Additionally, information technology $($IT$)$

can serve as a facilitator of the performance of CM and KM$,$ thereby helping organizations achieve their goals. In crisis

situations, such as the COVID$-19$ pandemic, the threats posed by such crises to healthcare organizations are constantly

escalating. Therefore, how to reduce the risk of exposure to COVID$-19$ and contain nosocomial infections to minimize

damage is an urgent problem requiring an immediate solution.

QUESTION $1(25$ Marks$)$

$$In times of crisis, where rapid responses are required, it is vital to conduct appropriate knowledge$-$management $($KM$)$

activities to enable or facilitate effective managerial efforts.$$ Elaborate on why crisis management needs KM and relate the

discussion to any field or organisation.

QUESTION $2(25$ Marks$)$

The development of KM involves a number of technologies. Report on the technologies that will be useful in developing a

KM$$ the combinations of which will produce a system that can collect, sort, store, and share information throughout the

organisations. Report on the technologies to consider when developing a knowledge$-$management systems $($KMS$)$ for crisis

management.

QUESTION $3(25$ Marks$)$

$$Knowledge is the most valuable resource an organisation possesses. In times of crisis, where rapid responses are

required, it is vital to conduct appropriate knowledge$-$management $($KM$)$ activities to enable or facilitate effective managerial

efforts.$$ Analyse and report on the KM activities that should be conducted to facilitate effective decision$-$making related to

crisis management.

QUESTION $4(25$ Marks$)$

$$Additionally$,$ information technology $($IT$)$ can serve as a facilitator of the performance of CM and KM$,$ thereby helping

organisations achieve their goals.$$ Apart from the beneficial aspects of using KM for CM$,$ there are numerous challenges.

Provide a critical review on the challenges related to using KM for crisis management. This discussion to focus on any field

or organisation. Provide recommendation to the challenges discussed.