Read the article below and answer ALL the questions that follow.

This is how the SAA takeover by Takatso Consortium crash landed

The long$-$running planned take$-$over of the ailing state$-$owned airline South African Airways $($SAA$)$ by the Takatso

Consortium abruptly came to an end earlier this week.

This comes three years after the Takatso deal was announced, in which it was slated to take over a majority stake, $51\%,$

in the airline. However, subsequently Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan kept details of the deal with the

government confidential, which led to a public outcry around fears of corruption.

Gordhan told the cabinet on Wednesday that due to new valuations emerging, it put SAA at R$1$ billion and its properties at

R$5\mathrm{.}5$bn$.$

Gordhan said the deal was off because they decided to cut their losses with Takatso after new valuations from reputable

professional firms.

The deal was agreed upon during the $2020$ Covid$-19$ pandemic, which centred as a major selling point to Takatso, who

expected a major rebound in the airline industry post pandemic.

During Covid when the valuation was done, the value of SAA was R$2\mathrm{.}4$bn$.$ After Covid$-19$ this increased because of

changed market values.

$$The business valuation came out at R$1$ billion and the property valuation at R$5\mathrm{.}5$ billion. This meant that there was a net

increase in the property by R$3\mathrm{.}1$ billion in the value of SAA. The equity value had increased from $0$ to R$1$ billion.

$$Those negotiations continued for the latter part of last year and this year. However, we came to a point where there were

other issues, where there $($were$)$ no meetings of minds. For example, the exemption of the new entity in terms of paying

rental for the property they will utilise in that process,$$ said Gordhan.

The collapse of the deal means that SAA is now once again, a fully owned state$-$owned$-$enterprise $($SOE$),$ however, the

minister gave assurances that taxpayers would not sustain the airline going forward.

He said other funding options would be looked at for the expansion of its operations, including expanding its route

network.

$$SAA can sustain itself for the next year to $18$ months and there are various other ways to get immediate financing, but at

no stage in the course of the months to come, will SAA get money from the fiscus,$$ Gordhan said.

He further added that jobs of SAA staff were safe.

The outgoing minister said that he would be leaving the world of politics post the $2024$ elections, something, which the

National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa $($Numsa$)$ cheered.

Irvin Jim, the general secretary of Numsa, released a statement on March $9$ after it was announced that Gordhan was

stepping down, $$Numsa: Gordhan$$s retirement as the minister of Public Enterprises is $$good riddance to bad rubbish!$.$ He

said the union was overjoyed to hear that $$the worst minister since the advent of democracy$,$ would be retiring from

politics.

Jim went on to say that Gordhan went on to wreck every single state$-$owned entity $($SOE$)$ that he touched.

$$We said in our previous statement that he has a $$deadly Midas touch$$ because everywhere he goes, SOEs collapse and

workers suffer. He claimed he was turning around SOEs unfortunately, most of them are in ICU or have died because of

his involvement. It is a painful irony that Gordhan once served as a member of the South African Communist Party

Central Committee because his actions have been a relentless and brutal attack on workers and their families. His values

are the opposite of Communism and its noble ideals, which are to advance and to improve the lives of the working

class,$$ Jim wrote.

Meanwhile, an aviation official told Business Report that the minister could not say the deal had failed because he had

always been the one pushing it$.$

$$He did not want to reveal the Takatso documents of Parliament because the truth would have come out. He waited until

he could announce his retirement,$$ the source said. QUESTION $2(20$ Marks$)$

Based on the article, formulate a research title, write a research problem, and outline five $(5)$ relevant research questions

to achieve the objectives of the study.