Read the case study below and answer all the questions Lesson Learnt Producing and Distributing COVID-19 Vaccines Eflective collaboration is essential - for al supply chains Supply chains must be flexble to meet unique challanges Digitalization of the supply chain supports those requirements Since the first COVID-19 vaccines were approved in Decenber last year, vacoine manufacturers have had to develop novel supply chain strategies to handle speedy production as well as safe distribution of tens of milions of life-saving doses. With limited information on the stability of the pharmaceutical components on hand due to the accelerated vaccine development process, cold-chain equipment and facilfies became crucial links in the conplex supplier network. In light of that need, vaccine makers began sourcing dry ice along with the equipment to protuce it. in addition to the other nodes in the supply chain, such as vaccine distributors and pharmacies, have looked into sourcing ultra-cold freezers from ice cream manulacturers to keep the vaccines at the required low temperatures. These are just some of the challenges the developed world is lacing with regards to producing and distributing the COVID-19 vacoines. Developing countries with limited access to cold-chain technology are lkely to have it even tougher. The complexities in getting a new vaccine supply chain running efficienty underscore some larger lessons for how supply chains operate in the new normal of the post-pandemic workd. 3 Lessons Supply Chains Can Learn From the COVID Vaccine Rollout 1. Complexily isnt going away. As vacaine manufacturers and distrbutors have discovered, supply chains are increasingly complex systems that generate their own unique challenges. Components need to be stored, shipped and delivered at low temperatures for millions of vaccine doses that need to be administered - and then administered again to acchieve the right efficacy. These complexties of supply chains are not going to disappear. no matter what strategies enterprises adopt to manage the risks that complexity brings with it. 2. Supply chain collaboration is more important than ever. Across all tiers of the supply chain, effective and efficient collaboration is essential. To cope with new problems and break down the silos that tend to develop across enterprises, the role of a supply chain management software platform becomes crucial given its ability to orchestrate the elements harmoniously. 3. Flexibility is a critical suppoly chain capability. This is driven by a mind-set of innovation and creativity, as seen in how companies looked to new avenues for the necessary cold-chain equipment. Flexibility is also enabled by supply chain software, which is helping enterprises identty potential botllenecks and execule solutions. And that will make them more resilient to future disnuptions. Question 3 (20 marks) Different people, organisations and cultures see ethics in different ways but there is widespread agreement that certain behaviour is unethical. Provide a recommendation of 5 guidelines that will be necessary for the vaccine rollout. Question 4 (20 marks) Discuss main purchasing external links that are essential in the efficiency of the vaccine rollout