Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow:

We can learn from this South African youth entrepreneur.

Ludwick Marishane is $29$ years old and has never been formally employed in the corporate sector. Starting his entrepreneurship journey while he was still at school, Ludwick now runs a successful business employing over $20$ people. Growing up and attending school in a rural community in Limpopo, Ludwick and some friends were shooting the breeze one day lamenting the thought of having to bath or shower daily. This inspired the idea of inventing a product that would address personal hygiene, eliminating body odour and provide a quick way to stay clean. Using an old $($non$-$smart$)$ Nokia phone and time at an internet caf$,$ Ludwick began to research various chemicals and cleaning agents that might achieve this goal. After much trial and error, he found a formula that worked and registered a patent $($he is the youngest patent filer in the country$)$ for DryBath$$ Gel $$ the world$$s first waterless body wash. The product is currently exported to Europe, the US and Asia, and Ludwick is hoping that Dry bath will find its niche in South Africa. The journey has not always been plain sailing $...............$

Start up challenges

Being a mere $17$ years old when he patented the product and wrote his first business plan, Ludwick battled to secure funding and get Dry bath off the ground. In addition to this, he was of university going age and keen to get a solid education. Being accepted on the Allan Gray Orbis Foundation$$s scholarship programme and enrolling at UCT for a business science degree in finance and accounting provided both opportunities and challenges for this determined young entrepreneur. Entering business competitions to gain recognition and funding for his product became the order of the day. In the meantime, studying and reaping the benefits of all that was offered by his sponsors, Ludwick was exposed to excellent entrepreneurship opportunities by the Allan Gray Orbis Foundation $$ this included rigorous training in sales, negotiation skills and networking. Groups of scholarship holders were required to run a retail business in their second year of study, a service business in their third year of study and a consulting business in their final year of study $$ world class opportunities to learn about starting up a business but with relatively low risks involved. It was also while studying that Ludwick met Lungelo Gumede, who became his business partner and is currently the youngest lecturer at the UCT Graduate School of Business.

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Advice for entrepreneurs

Ludwick$$s advice to other entrepreneurs is as follows: $$Don$$t embark on a business venture just to be your own boss $$ rather look for a problem that you can solve and then stay true to that. It is dangerous to get too attached to a solution as your own $$ work with other people to find the best solution and focus on building up from there.$$ He also feels that students should try to do these four things as early in their careers as possible:

$1)$

Get out of your comfort zone and explore.

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Join clubs and$/$or societies and get yourself into a leadership position.

$3)$

Get some work experience.

$4)$

Spend some time outside the country to develop a global mindset.

By Camilla PenningtonQUESTION THREE $[25]$

Being a mere $17$ years old when he patented the product and wrote his first business plan $...\mathrm{.}3\mathrm{.}2$ Highlight any five possible barriers that Ludwick could have encountered when drawing up his business plan and suggest a way to mitigate each barrier highlighted. $(10)32$Don$$t embark on a business venture just to be your own boss $$ rather look for a problem that you can solve and then stay true to that.$$ Examine the nature of Ludwick$$s statement and discuss the overarching goals of entrepreneurs and what impact this will have on society.