Read the case study carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Social responsibility often just about ticking boxes for SA businesses $$ director.

Corporate Social Responsibility $($CSR$)$ is used by a lot of businesses just as a mechanism to do the least, Nozipho

January$-$Bardill, chairperson of the UN Global Compact Local Network SA said on Wednesday.

She is also a non$-$executive director of Anglogold Ashanti, Credit Suisse Securities and Mercedes Benz SA and took part

in a debate in Cape Town at the $3$rd Partnership for Action on Green Economy $($PAGE$)$ Ministerial Conference.

"Some businesses are only now learning about sustainable development. Most businesses do business to make money,

not to save the environment," she said.

$"$So$,$ when 'monetisations' are not set and we are not working on it$,$ it often simply becomes about ticking boxes for

business. We have not internalised or socialised $($sustainability$)$ issues in institutions. There is a lot of work to be done."

In her view, CSR is largely "a top down thing" for many companies, although she admitted that she has seen examples of

companies that approached their CSR "from the bottom up$"-$ looking at what demands there are in communities $-$ like

shelter, food and education $-$ rather than just looking at the supply side.

"Yes, there are some companies trying to shift the paradigm of 'giving $($money$)$ just to shut people up$\text{'},"$ said JanuaryBardill.

She referred to the water crisis Cape Town faced last year and said businesses must certainly have felt the impact. To her

it was this very experience of the crisis that led all stakeholders to come together to search for solutions.

To her, South Africa's wealth lies in the resilience of its people.

Dr Mary Goretti Kitutu, Minister for the Environment in Uganda, stressed the importance of ensuring business is done in a

sustainable way.

From a political point of view, she said unfortunately many politicians think the environment portfolio is not that important.

Source of article: Social responsibility often just about ticking boxes for SA businesses $-$ director $|$ Business $($news$24.$com$)$

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

QUESTION $1(25$ Marks$)$

Discuss the concept of corporate social responsibility $($CSR$)$ and its significance in contemporary business.

How does CSR relate to business ethics?

QUESTION $2(25$ Marks$)$

Utilitarianism is a prominent ethical theory. Explain how a utilitarian would approach a business decision

where maximizing profits may harm the environment. Provide a real$-$life example to illustrate your answer.

QUESTION $3(25$ Marks$)$

Kantian deontology emphasizes the importance of moral principles and duty. How might a Kantian view the

ethical obligations of a business towards its employees, especially in cases of layoffs or downsizing? Give

reasons and examples to support your response.

QUESTION $4(25$ Marks$)$

Analyse a case where a company faced an ethical dilemma and evaluate the situation from the perspectives

of three different ethical theories $($e$.$g$.,$ utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics$).$ How might each theory

suggest a different course of action?