READ THESE CAREFULLY AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION!

Queston :Identify and describe potential ethical or social responsibility issues. Minimum 4 issues per case. (10 marks)

Instructions:

You have been hired as a consultant to assist the Board of Directors of Shell a Multinational Oil and Gas company to ensure ethical business practices in current and future operations. Read the attached resources carefully. Arrticle 1 Presse, A-F 2021, Shell to pay $111m over decades-old oil spills in Nigeria, The Guardian, viewed 9th May 2022, Company maintains oil spills in 1970 were caused by third parties during civil war Royal Dutch Shell has agreed to pay around 95m (80.4m/$111.6m) to communities in southern Nigeria over crude oil spills in 1970, lawyers involved in the case have said. The decision is the latest involving Opec-member Nigerias oil-producing south where communities have long fought legal battles over oil spills and environmental damage. The order for the payment of [$111m] to the claimants is for full and final satisfaction of the judgement, a local spokesman for Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria said on Wednesday. Lucius Nwosa, a lawyer representing the Ejama-Ebubu community in Rivers state, confirmed the decision. They ran out of tricks and decided to come to terms, the lawyer said. The decision is a vindication of the resoluteness of the community for justice. The company said it maintained the spills were caused by third parties during Nigerias 1967-70 civil war when much damage was done to oil pipelines and infrastructure. It is a confirmation of the issues we have raised about Shells environmental devastation of Ogoni and the need for a proper remediation of the land, the MOSOP organisation for the local Ogoni people said in response. After a 13-year legal battle, a Dutch court in January this year ordered Shell to compensate Nigerian farmers for spills that polluted much of their land in the Niger Delta. The court ordered Shell to compensate three out of four farmers who lodged the case in 2008. The case has dragged on so long that two of the Nigerian farmers have died since it was first filed. Article 2 " Ambrose, J 2021, Last-minute attempt to stop Shells oil exploration of whale breeding grounds, The Guardian, viewed 9th May 2022, Last-minute attempt to stop Shells oil exploration of whale breeding grounds Campaigners file legal challenge against seismic survey along South Africas Eastern Cape province An 11th hour attempt has been launched to try to halt plans by Shell to explore for oil in vital whale breeding grounds along the Wild Coast of eastern South Africa. Campaigners filed an urgent legal challenge against the seismic survey, which was scheduled to begin on Wednesday, in an effort to prevent it harming whales, dolphins and seals in the relatively untouched marine environment. The challenge brought by four environmental and human rights organisations was heard in court on Wednesday afternoon, and the judgment on whether to allow the exploration to move ahead is expected to be delivered on Friday. The intervention is expected to delay Shells plans to explore for oil in the sensitive marine environment, which will include firing extremely loud shockwave emissions down through 1.8 miles of water and almost 35 miles into the seabed to create a seismic survey of the area. Opposition to the plans has grown steadily in South Africa over recent weeks due to fears that the work could damage the ecologically diverse and sensitive environment of the Wild Coast, which runs along the Eastern Cape province. The law firm behind the last-minute legal challenge, Cullinan & Associates, said the decision to allow Shell to move ahead with plans to explore for oil in the area amounts to unjust administrative action because it was taken using an approval process that has since been replaced by stronger environmental protections. The plans were approved in 2014 by South Africas then minister of mineral resources, Ngoako Ramatlhodi, before the countrys one environmental system legislation was put in place to align its mining and environmental regulation at the end of that year. Cullinan & Associates has argued on behalf of Border Deep Sea Angling Association, Kei Mouth ski boat club, Natural Justice and Greenpeace Africa that Shells plans would have direct and dire impacts on the local environment as well as the social, economic and cultural rights of local communities. These communities depend heavily on eco-tourism and fishing for livelihoods and subsistence, and safeguard this land as sacred and deeply connected to their identity and heritage, the firm said. The needs and rights of these communities, the stewards of our seas, land and biodiversity, far outweigh the selfish interests of companies like Shell. Happy Khambule, a senior climate campaigner for Greenpeace Africa, said: Shells activities threaten to destroy the Wild Coast and the lives of the people living there. We know that Shell is a climate criminal, destroying peoples lives and the planet for profit. South Africas problems do not require violent extraction nor destruction of the environment and community livelihoods. The best and most immediate solution is a just transition to renewable energy, ensuring safe and decent jobs, and energy access for all, he said. Shell plans to pursue exploration in an environmentally sensitive ecosystem months after the International Energy Agency said no new fossil fuel development would be compatible with the worlds climate targets. The company also plans to use a planning loophole to produce oil from the Cambo field in the UKs North Sea which is operated by the private-equity backed oil firm Siccar Point without submitting to a new climate compatibility test put forward by the government in March. A spokesperson for Shell said the company had long experience in collecting offshore seismic data and would apply stringent controls to protect the environment and minimise the impacts on fish, marine mammals and other wildlife. South Africa has already had many similar surveys safely completed off our coastline by Shell and other operators, they added. South Africas Department of Mineral Resources did not respond to a request for comment.