Reconsider the measurements of oxygen composition in 12 dinosaur bones from Exercise 5.23. Using a multiple comparisons procedure in a statistical computer package, find 95% confidence intervals for the difference in means for all pairs of bones 

(a) without adjusting for multiple comparisons and 

(b) using the Tukey–Kramer adjusted intervals. 

(c) How many of the unadjusted intervals exclude zero? 

(d) How many of the Tukey–Kramer adjusted intervals exclude zero? 

(e) By how much does the width of the adjusted interval exceed the width of the unadjusted interval, as a percentage, for comparing bone 1 to bone 2?

  REF PRB: 

Was Tyrannosaurus Rex Warm-Blooded? Display 5.26 shows several measurements of the oxygen isotopic composition of bone phosphate in each of 12 bone specimens from a single Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton. It is known that the oxygen isotopic composition of vertebrate bone phosphate is related to the body temperature at which the bone forms. Differences in means at different bone sites would indicate nonconstant temperatures throughout the body. Minor temperature differences would be expected in warm-blooded animals. Is there evidence that the means are different for the different bones? (Data from R. E. Barrick, and W. J. Showers, “Thermophysiology of Tyrannosaurus rex; Evidence from Oxygen Isotopes,” Science 265 (1994): 222–24.) 

  

     

Transcribed Image Text:

Measurements of oxygen isotopic composition of vertebrate bone phosphate (per mil deviations from SMOW) in 12 bones of a single Tyrannosaurus rex specimen DISPLAY 5.26 Bone Oxygen isotopic composition Rib 16 11.10 11.22 11.29 11.49 Gastralia 11.32 I1.60 10.61 11.40 11.71 Gastralia 11.78 12.05 Dorsal vertebra 10.88 11.12 11.24 11.43 Dorsal vertebra 10.92 11.30 11.20 11.79 11.62 11.70 Femur 11.70 11.91 12.15 Tibia 11.33 11.41 11.62 12.15 12.30 Metatarsal 11.32 11.65 11.96 12.15 Phalange Proximal caudal 11.54 11.89 12.04 11.08 10.93 11.01 11.43 11.12 11.28 11.37 Mid-caudal 11.35 11.50 11.57 11.92 12.39 Distal caudal 11.95 12.01 12.25 12.30 Measurements of oxygen isotopic composition of vertebrate bone phosphate (per mil deviations from SMOW) in 12 bones of a single Tyrannosaurus rex specimen DISPLAY 5.26 Bone Oxygen isotopic composition Rib 16 11.10 11.22 11.29 11.49 Gastralia 11.32 I1.60 10.61 11.40 11.71 Gastralia 11.78 12.05 Dorsal vertebra 10.88 11.12 11.24 11.43 Dorsal vertebra 10.92 11.30 11.20 11.79 11.62 11.70 Femur 11.70 11.91 12.15 Tibia 11.33 11.41 11.62 12.15 12.30 Metatarsal 11.32 11.65 11.96 12.15 Phalange Proximal caudal 11.54 11.89 12.04 11.08 10.93 11.01 11.43 11.12 11.28 11.37 Mid-caudal 11.35 11.50 11.57 11.92 12.39 Distal caudal 11.95 12.01 12.25 12.30

Answer rating: 100% (QA)

Answer Step by Step Explanation Paired Samples Test Paired Differences 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference Mean Std Deviation Std Error Mean Lower Upper Pair 1 Bone1 Bone2 27333 12858 07424 59275 ... View the full answer