Redford had been a backhoe operator for five years. Although he had worked for other sign companies, he had spent 90 percent of his time during the past three years working for Tube Art Display, Inc. Redford

generally dug holes exactly as directed by the sign company employing him. He did, however, pay his

own business taxes, and he did not participate in any of the fringe benefits available to Tube Art employees. Tube Art obtained a permit to install a sign in the parking lot of a combination commercial and apartment building. Telling Redford how to proceed, Tube Arts service manager laid out the exact location of a 4 4 foot square on the asphalt surface with yellow paint and directed that the hole be 6 feet deep. After Redford began the job, he negligently struck a small natural gas pipeline with the backhoe. He examined the pipe, and, finding no indication of a leak or break, concluded that the line was not in use and left the worksite. Later, an explosion and fi re occurred in the building serviced by the line. As a result, a business owned by Massey was destroyed. Massey sued Tube Art for Redfords negligence under the doctrine of respondeat superior. Did Massey recover?