REFERENCE AT THE BOTTOM, I WILL COPY AND PASTE THE TABLE IF NEEDED. DATA HAS TO BE ENTERED INTO SPSS. I AM NOT TRYING TO SUBMIT TUTORS WORK. THIS IS MY OWN

Independent Samples t-tests

A social psychologist that specializes in research on religion sought to test the effectiveness of prayer. More specifically, she wondered if prayer would make any difference in the health of medical patients. She selected N=40 participants, half of whom were theists (people who believe in God) and the other half, atheists (people who do not believe in God). The patients were all scheduled to undergo transplant surgery. Starting the day after their surgery, the theist participants were led into prayer every single day while the non-theists patients did not pray.

After 30 days, the health of each patient was then measured on a scale of 1 to 10 using multiple indicators (e.g., complications, blood pressure, red cell count etc.) to see how well they had recovered. Higher scores indicated better recovery and better overall health a month after the surgery.

In variable terms, the researcher would like to know if there are differences in recovery between patients who prayed and those who did not. Is the mean health score different for atheists and theists? The researcher does not believe that there will be a difference.

File titled "SPSS Assignment #2 - Independent Samples T-Test data".

Step 1: Setting up your data

1. Input the data into SPSS

1. Label and code your data

patients Width: 8

Decimals: 0

Label: Religious orientation of the patient

Values:

1 Atheists

2 Theists

Missing: None

Columns: 8

Align: Center

Measure: Nominal

Role: None

Health Width: 8

Decimals: 2

Label: Overall health of the patient

Values: None

Missing: None

Columns: 10

Align: Center

Measure: Scale

Role: None

Step 2:

1. What are the independent and the dependent variables?
2. What are the scales of measurements of the independent and the dependent variable?
3. State the null and alternative hypotheses?
4. Are the hypotheses directional? What kind of test should we use (one-tailed or two-tailed)?
5. Name the three assumptions that must be met for an independent t-test

• Has the first assumption been met? Why or why not?

1. Conduct normality tests. Copy and paste the results of the table titled Tests of normality

• Based on the results of the Shapiro-Wilks test, has the assumption of normality been met? Why or why not?

Step 3: Independent Samples T-Test

1. Copy and paste the group statistics table and answer the following questions in full sentences, specify mean and standard deviations
2. Which group had better health overall?
3. Which group had greater variability?

1. Copy and paste the Independent Samples Test table and answer the following questions:

Please note: For the next set of questions, you need to answer in full sentences and report statistics in A P A style.

1. Has the assumption of homogeneity of variances been met? Why or why not?
2. Report the results of your Independent Samples t-test (using A P A format) in one paragraph. Make sure to specify (1) your decision and explain it, (2) what the results means (i.e., was the researcher correct in her prediction? Is there a significant difference between the health of the two groups of patients? If yes, which one? Based on the results was prayer effective?), (3) write up A P A style.