Referential integrity states that structural relationships in relational databases must

perform CRUD functions: users may create, read, update, and delete data fields

remain secure: primary keys should not be deleted

be consistent: a foreign key field that references a primary key field must agree with that primary key

allow for data retrieval: SQL or customized languages may be used

Given the Four V$\text{'}$s of Big Data, which of the following organizations most likely

uses Big Data?

A regional sporting goods chain that uses customers' billing and

shipping information and order history to mail them catalogs and

postcards for sales and promotions.

A university system that uses students' reviews of its faculty and

courses to help administrators make decisions about faculty

members' salaries and tenure.

A popular food truck that regularly tweets and posts its location,

offers coupon codes to its followers on social media, and accepts

mobile, digital wallet payment.

A leading news website that uses data about its visitors' and fol$-$

lowers' activities to shape its news coverage, customize news

alerts, and gain advertisers and subscribers.

Given the Four V$\text{'}$s of Big Data, which of the following organizations most likely

uses Big Data?

A regional sporting goods chain that uses customers' billing and

shipping information and order history to mail them catalogs and

postcards for sales and promotions.

A university system that uses students' reviews of its faculty and

courses to help administrators make decisions about faculty

members' salaries and tenure.

A popular food truck that regularly tweets and posts its location,

offers coupon codes to its followers on social media, and accepts

mobile, digital wallet payment.

A leading news website that uses data about its visitors' and fol$-$

lowers' activities to shape its news coverage, customize news

alerts, and gain advertisers and subscribers.