rephrase: Hypothesis testing uses a sample to draw conclusions about a population, aiming to determine whether observed effects are due to chance or a hypothesized effect (Salkind & Frey, 2022). In this instance, in research scenario 1, the sample population is 49 nurses. A hypothesis is a research statement that makes a specific, testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables and determines the testing method to answer the research question (Salkind & Frey, 2022). For example, are nurses less likely to engage in relational autonomy if they score highly on independent decision-making? There are two main types of hypotheses: the null hypothesis, which asserts no relationship, and the research hypothesis (alternate hypothesis), which asserts that a relationship exists (Salkind & Frey, 2022; Woo, 2019). Where researchers employ statistical tests to reject the null hypothesis, thereby supporting the presence of a significant relationship or effect (Woo, 2019)