replace the placeholder citations with in text citations from relevant sources In contrast, unlike traditional punitive methods, penal welfarism prioritises rehabilitation of offenders, acknowledging that many individuals in the justice system are impacted by systemic issues such as poverty, lack of education, and substance abuse (Author, Year). By focusing on rehabilitation, this approach aims to provide individuals with the skills and support to reintegrate into society and reduce the likelihood of reoffending (Author, Year). Additionally, penal welfarism aims to address the underlying causes of crime by working to alleviate socio-economic disadvantages, offering educational and employment opportunities, and addressing issues related to substance abuse and mental health (Author, Year). By tackling these root causes, penal welfarism can help decrease the overrepresentation of First Nations people in the criminal justice system (Author, Year). Furthermore, this approach promotes social reintegration by providing support and resources to help individuals reintegrate into society after serving their sentences, such as job training programs, educational opportunities, and mental health services (Author, Year). By fostering social reintegration, penal welfarism seeks to break the cycle of reoffending and lessen the disproportionate impact on First Nations communities (Author, Year)