Reply to The Systems Engineering approach described in Levy's article applies Quantified Confidence to the systems engineering process. This approach emphasizes not only gauging how well a system performs but also calculating how confident you are in that prediction. This concept requires quantitative techniques for understating confidence. Techniques described include specifying the top-level performance evaluation requirements and determining lower-level measures of performance (MOPs). These MOPs are tested repeatedly until an optimized set of MOPs is achieved for confidence measuring. The Test Program can be designed to specifically meet each optimized MOP as a way to achieve a certain confidence in system performance. Model based systems engineering processes can be used in coordination with designing the test program with MOPs. When integration and qualification testing is conducted, the test engineers should consider the MOPs that need to be addressed. Reference: Levy, L. J. (2005). The Systems Analysis Test and Evaluation of Strategic Systems. Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, 26(4), 438-442