Report Leniency Std. Smile Mean N Deviation 1 5.3676 34 1.82702 2 4.9118 34 1.68087 4.9118 34 1.45368 4 4.1176 34 1.52285 Total 4.8272 136 1.67152Smiles and Leniency Overview! Dale Carnegie stated that smiling helps win friends and influence people. Research on the effects of smiling has backed this up and shown that a smiling person is judged to be more pleasant, attractive, sincere, sociable, and competent than a non-smiling person. There is evidence that smiling can attenuate judgments of possible wrongdoing. This phenomenon termed the "smile-leniency effect" was the focus of a study by Marianne LaFrance & Marvin Hecht in 1995. Questions to Answer Does smiling increase leniency? Are different types of smiles differentially effective? DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIABLES VARIABLE DESCRIPTION 1 is false smile 2 is felt smile Smile 3 is miserable smile false felt 4 is neutral control A measure of how Leniency lenient the judgments were. miserable neutral References LaFrance, M., & Hecht, M. A. (1995) Why smiles generate leniency. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 207-214